Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa. The variety of factors that contributed to the initial undetected spread of ebola virus disease in west africa during 202016 and the difficulty controlling the outbreak once the etiology was identified highlight priorities for disease prevention, detection, and response. Evaluation of unicefs response to the ebola outbreak in. The 20142015 ebola virus disease evd outbreak was unique in. Although the risk of an ebola outbreak in the united states is very low, cdc and partners are. Public health impact of the 20142015 ebola outbreak in west africa. People become infected with ebola virus through contact with infected wild animals or contact with blood or body fluids urine, feces, saliva, sweat, vomit, breast milk. Ebola virus disease among male and female persons in west africa. The 20142016 ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa was of unprecedented magnitude with a total of 28,616 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases reported in guinea, liberia, and. The identification of these early cases marked the beginning of the west africa ebola epidemic, the largest in history. Distribution of ebola virus disease prevalence probability for west africa countries.
Ebola virus disease evd and emerging infectious disease threats continue to threaten life, prosperity and global health security. This outbreak is the first ebola epidemic the world has ever known affecting multiple countries in west africa. Annex 1 who strategic action plan for ebola outbreak response pdf, 506kb. It is also the largest, most severe and most complex ebola epidemic ever. The united states government usg support for the ebola virus disease evd outbreak response in west africa was led by the united states agency for international development usaidunited states bureau for democracy, conflict and humanitarian assistance dchaoffice of united states. A total of 28 616 confirmed, probable and suspected cases have been reported in guinea, liberia and sierra leone, with 11 310 deaths. Information contained in these slides is constantly changing and updated every friday. The 202015 ebola virus disease outbreak in west africa had similar nuances with the 1976 outbreaks in central africa. The ebola virus epidemic burst in west africa in late 20, started in guinea, reached in a few months an alarming diffusion, actually involving several countries liberia, sierra leone, nigeria, senegal, and mali. For the ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa from 2014 to 2016, the world health organization who recommended securing 42 days world health organization, 2015, or twice the observed maximum incubation period, from the time at which the last case was found negative for the virus at second testing. Ebola virus disease in west africa no early end to the. Between december 20 and april 2016, the larg est epidemic of ebola virus disease evd to date generated more than 28,000 cases and. The west african subcontinent is currently experiencing its first, and ironically, the largest and longest ebola viral diseases evd outbreak.
The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa is the longest, largest, deadliest. The ebola virus can cause severe viral haemorrhagic fever ebola hf outbreaks in. Figure 4 ebola in west africacdcs role in epidemic. Of the four disease causing viruses, ebola virus formerly and often still called the zaire ebola virus is dangerous and is the virus responsible for the epidemic in western africa. Although the ebola virus has been present for more than 35 years, the largest outbreak began in west africa. European centre for disease prevention and control. Welcome to cdc stacks key messages ebola virus disease. Annex 4 sierra leone accelerated ebola virus disease outbreak response plan pdf.
Outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa ecdc. Annex 3 liberia operational plan for accelerated response to reoccurrence of ebola epidemic pdf, 505kb. The 20142015 ebola virus disease evd outbreak was unique in geography and extent, with most of the 28 610 cases and 11 308 deaths, including among healthcare workers hcw, occurring in guinea, liberia and sierra leone. An outbreak of ebola virus disease evd has jolted west africa, claiming more than lives since the virus emerged in guinea in early 2014 see figure. Pathogenesis of uveitis in ebola virus disease survivors. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west. These recent cases, together with the continued increase in the number of ebola cases in west africa, underscore the potential for travelassociated spread of the disease and the risks of evd to healthcare workers. Mammalian biogeography and the ebola virus in africa. M any people have asked me why the outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa is. To properly counteract evd, an improved understanding of the longterm impact of recent evd outbreaks in west africa and the democratic republic of congo are needed.
There are five species of the genus ebolavirus filoviridae family. Annex 2 planned response to the ebola virus disease epidemic in guinea pdf, 512kb. The 2014 ebola outbreak is the largest in history and the first ebola outbreak in west africa. The public health emergency of international concern pheic related to ebola in west africa was lifted on 29 march 2016. The genesis of the ebola virus outbreak in west africa the lancet. Pdf on jan 8, 2015, christopher dye and others published ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months find, read and cite all the. Ebola virus disease formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90% caused by ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family. Authorities recorded 11 cases of ebola virus disease evd at this index site where the virus is believed to have first spilled over into the.
On march 23, 2014, the world health organization who reported cases of ebola virus disease evd in the forested rural region of southeastern guinea. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west african. Current situation the current epidemic is the first major evd epidemic reported in west africa and it is the first time the epidemic has spread to capital cities. Impact of infectious disease epidemics on tuberculosis diagnostic, management, and prevention services. After ebola in west africa world health organization.
As of september 14, 2014, a total of 4507 confirmed and probable cases of ebola virus disease evd, as well as 2296 deaths from the virus, had been reported from five countries in west africa guinea, liberia, nigeria, senegal, and sierra leone. Among the filovirus family, outbreaks of ebola virus are particularly lethal. Infections with african ebola viruses cause a severe disease in humans called ebola virus disease. Perspectives on west africa ebola virus disease outbreak.
While the possibility of infected persons entering the u. The 2014 ebola epidemic is the largest in history, with widespread transmission in multiple countries in west africa. The west african ebola virus disease epidemic started in resourceconstrained settings and caused thousands of fatalities during the last epidemic. It is the longest and most widely spread ebola epidemic ever seen. Public health impact of the 20142015 ebola outbreak in. The current ebola virus disease evd outbreak ravaging three nations in west africa has affected more than 14,000 persons and killed over 5,000. Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa a call for action 1.
All department of defense dod service members who are assigned. Ebola virus disease who regional office for africa. Evaluation of unicefs response to the ebola outbreak in west africa 20142015 strained as a result of the outbreak, childrens access to health care, education and protection services became limited, increasing their vulnerability and risk in both the immediate and. West africa ebola outbreak largest ebola outbreak in. Evaluation of the usaidofda ebola virus disease outbreak.
The definitive reservoir host of ebola virus still remains unknown till date. Since the first ebola virus disease cases were reported from the the region of nzerekore of guinea in march 2014, five other countries in west africa liberia, mali, nigeria, senegal and sierra leone have been affected by the evd epidemic. Ebola virus disease in west africa the first 9 months of. Ebola virus disease evd is often characterized by the abrupt onset of fever. Ebola virus disease evd earlier known as ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae, genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease among children in west africa pdf, 453kb. Usefulness of antip155 autoantibody for diagnosing cancerassociated dermatomyositis. Who ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west. Radiology, nuclear medicine and laboratory center, al adan.
Evd is a severe illness transmitted through direct contact with the bodily fluids including semen, blood, breast milk, and tissues of infected animals or people. Ebola virus disease west africa, 2014 preparing for and responding to potential cases in nyc new york city department of health and mental hygiene note. Cdc estimates that the epidemic caused more than 11,000 deaths, with almost all occurring in west africa. Out of this human calamity has come renewed attention to global health securityits definition, meaning, and the practical implications for programmes and policy. Ebola virus disease in west africa no early end to the outbreak margaret chan, m. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions.
Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa pdf, 929kb. Our model suggests that the ebola virus may be even more widespread than previously suspected, given that additional favourable areas are found throughout the coastal areas of west and central africa, stretching from cameroon to guinea, and extend further east into the east african lakes region. Pdf the number of ebola virus disease evd cases and deaths continues to rise in guinea, liberia and sierra leone, and a coordinated. Prepared by the joint information center, emergency operations center, centers for disease control and prevention key messages ebola virus disease, west africa updated october 9, 2014 newly updated information is indicated in red the centers for disease control and prevention cdc is working with other u. It has been found in parts of central and west africa and occasionally ebola virus disease outbreaks occur in these areas. First identified in 1976 in what is now the democratic republic of congo, or drc, the ebola virus has resurfaced in recent years, claiming thousands of lives and putting local and global health.
Director of the centers for disease control and prevention cdc in the us, thomas frieden, said in october that the ebola outbreak in west africa was. Ebola virus disease among male and female persons in west. Guinea and liberia, the first nations affected by the outbreak, have put in place measures to contain the spread, supported by international organizations. Recrudescence of ebola virus disease outbreak in west. Symptoms of evd include fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, and unexplained hemorrhage. Nevertheless, given population mobility, international travel, and an increasingly globalized economy, it has the potential to reoccur and evolve into a. Body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from ebola blood, vomit, pee, poop, sweat, semen, spit, other fluids 2. Pdf ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months. The 2014 west africa ebola pandemic casefatality rate was greater than 67% in guinea alone. Evd is an abrupt onset, severe often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates, including monkeys.