Sound waves and music lesson 3 behavior of sound waves. The seismic refraction method is based on the measurement of the travel time of seismic waves refracted at the interfaces between subsurface layers of different velocity. We also use the definition of the sine as opposite side over hypotenuse to relate the lengths to the angles of. Reflection occurs when there is a bouncing off of a barrier. Reflection of a plane wave front at a plane surface let xy be a plane reflecting surface and ab be a plane wavefront incident on the surface at a. Reflection and refraction university of california, berkeley. A change in wave speed causes a change in wavelength as the frequency cannot change.
In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. Seismic methods are based on measurements of the time interval between initiation of a seismic elastic wave and its arrival at detectors. Difference between reflection and refraction with comparison. Thus, the reflection occurs without any additional phase shift. Earth exploration seismic refraction methods britannica.
To observe the reflection of water waves, straight waves are generated in the ripple tank. Reflection and refraction reflection and refraction are governed by two very simple laws. The scattered light goes off in many different directions, and may be scattered again and again before it is finally absorbed. Chapter 10 reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference overview when waves are incident at a boundary between media such as water waves on shallow water encountering a sudden change in depth of the water or light passing either from air to glass or glass to air, part of the wave energy is reflected and part is transmitted. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. May 09, 2017 reflection and refraction are phenomena that occur on waves. Fermats principle and the laws of reflection and refraction. The rest of the light passes through transmits the material.
Snells law also predicts the phenomenon of total internal reflection. To minimize the time we set the derivative of the time with respect to x equal to zero. Contains clear notes and diagrams of diffraction, law of reflection, law of refraction, lenses, total internal reflection and refraction in a prism. Nat5 physics wave reflection and refraction teaching. Note that we are not assuming that the incident, transmitted and reflected waves all have. When light hits an area and bounces back it is called. Refraction, or the bending of the path of the waves, is accompanied by a change in speed and wavelength of the waves.
Behavior of sound waves reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Students can solve ncert class 10 science light reflection and refraction multiple choice questions with answers to know their preparation level. Waves travel faster in deep water than in shallow water. Unit iv traveling waves on transmission line sri vidya college of. Lyon a useful analogy is to consider a car traveling from the road a fast medium to mud a slow medium. The normal line is an imaginary construction line at right angles perpendicular to the refracting or reflecting surface at the point of incidence. As per the diagram shown below consider a plane wave front ab which is incident on the surface. That is the ratio of the normal speed of light in a vacuum, c to the speed of light in whatever medium its travelling through. Refraction when waves move at an angle from one medium to another. Conversely, in refraction, the ray falling on the plane travels from one medium to another.
The interface is taken as coincident with the plane at, with two dielectric media with the indices of refraction, for and for. Feb 01, 2016 powerpoint lesson video for reflection and refraction. Simple network configurations give less reflection and refraction. Figure 1 shows a ray that has entered a glass block that has two parallel sides. As the angle of incidence is increased, the geometry results in a head wave travelling horizontally in layer 2. Refraction is used to guide light in optical instruments. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes science. Reflection and refraction university of calgary in alberta. Light reflection and refraction 161 let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. Reflection and refraction of waves at the boundary of a non scielo.
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is exactly equal to the angle of reflection this is true for mechanical waves and for light em waves section 2. Reflection of em waves at boun in terms of the in terms of characteristic the index of impedances refraction, assuming. Physics reflection and refraction of waves youtube. State the laws of reflection and refraction, describe examples and apply the laws to simple. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation. Light is a form of energy, which gives us the power of vision. Do not depend on the detailed nature of waves or boundary conditions dynamic properties. The bending of the path is an observable behavior when the medium is a two or threedimensional medium. Like any wave, a sound wave doesnt just stop when it reaches the end of the medium or when it. Such type of wave occurs for a short duration for a few microseconds but cause a much disturbance in the line. We consider a light wave travelling through medium 1 and striking medium 2.
A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. Reflection and refraction 17 be scattered away from its original direction figure 2. Traveling plane wave entering a region of lower wave velocity at an angle, illustrating the decrease in wavelength and change of direction refraction that results. This bending of light wave when it enters into other medium is called refraction. When an obstacle is placed in the way of moving waves, the waves are reflected.
Jun 18, 2001 the chapter ends with the reflection and refraction of travelling waves against transformer and generator windings and the origin of transient recovery voltages. Reflection and refraction of waves using huygens principle. These rules may both be inferred by considering what happens when a plane wave segment impinges on a flat surface. In refraction, a wave bends when it enters a medium through which it has a different speed. Travelling waves for finding the fault location in transmission lines. Earth exploration earth exploration seismic refraction methods. The constant coefficient telegraphers equations form. Apr 03, 2019 reflection, refraction and diffraction in waves.
Mechanical waves entering a new material change their direction and velocity of travel. In reflection, a wave encounters an obstacle and is reflected back. Jan 07, 2020 mcq on reflection and refraction of light with answers pdf question 5. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Many faults and fault clearings involve travelling waves.
Summarizing the above result, we can say that the reflection of waves at a boundary between two media takes place accordingly. In seismic refraction technique we deal with direct and refracted waves. Reflection, refraction, and diffraction the behavior of. Reflection, refraction and diffraction are all boundary behaviors of waves associated with the bending of the path of a wave. Reflection and refraction equipment acrylic block set, planeconcaveconvex universal mirror, cork board, cork board stand, pins, flashlight, protractor, ruler, mirror worksheet, rectangular block worksheet, equilateral prism worksheet, converging lens worksheet. Chapter 10 then discusses how such waves can be generated and received by antennas and antenna arrays. Reflection and refraction of travelling waves in power system. The problems of traveling waves on the transmission lines of a power system1. The refraction of shock waves at a gaseous interface. Reflection and refraction of a plane wave at oblique incidence.
Travelling waves transients in power systems wiley online. Covers refraction of mechanical waves and solves problems involving the law of refraction. Lyon a useful analogy is to consider a car traveling. An object at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror gets its image at the same point. On the contrary, in refraction, the waves pass through the surface, that changes their speed and direction. The travelling wave analysis consists of finding solutions of the telegraphers equations, bearing in mind the characteristics of the transmission lines, the equipment to which they will be connected and the nature of the signals likely to be experienced in power system transient situations. Draw a diagram and explain the law of refraction by identifying the incident and refraction rays, incident and refraction angles, the refraction indices, and speeds of light. Wavesreflection and refraction wikibooks, open books for. Also when the light bounces off the medium it is called a reflection. Let v 1 and v 2 be the velocities of the incident ray and refracted ray of medium 1 and medium 2 respectively v 1 v 2. A pdf document of a powerpoint i used to study reflection and refraction for my national 5 exam. Like any wave, a sound wave doesnt just stop when it reaches the end of the space through which it is traveling or when it encounters an obstacle in its path. This indicates how strong in your memory this concept is. The aim of the experiment is to visibly see light waves travelling using reflection and refraction while utilising the lightbox kits and different surfaces.
Refraction of plane wavefronts refraction occurs when a wavefront changes its direction of propagation as a result of entering a new medium and changing wavespeed. The seismic wave may be generated by an explosion, a dropped weight, a mechanical vibrator, a bubble of highpressure air injected into water, or other sources. Traveling waves on electric power systems project euclid. In reflection, the angle of incidence is same as the angle of reflection. Mcq questions for class 10 science light reflection and. These laws of reflection are applicable to all types of reflecting surfaces.
The plane containing both the normal to the surface and the direction of propagation of the incident. Reflection and refraction of a plane wave at oblique incidence let us consider a plane wave that obliquely incidents at the boundary of two media that are characterized by their permittivity and permeability see figure 1. Reflection and refraction wave fronts spherical waves are solutions to maxwells equations molecules scatter spherical waves spherical waves can add up to plane waves reflection and refraction from surfaces snells law mirages and. Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Scattering scattering is similar to reflection, but it is a common special case that doesnt strictly follow the. Reflection, refraction, and dispersion boundless physics. A classic example of refraction is a straw sticking out of a glass of water see figure. The physics classroom physics tutorial sound waves and music reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Use of surface reflection refraction methods to characterize the near surface, generally the upper 100 m, is a much younger application, but is still based on about two decades of. Chapter 10 reflection, refraction, diffraction and. Reflection of waves off straight barriers follows the. The travelling water waves are reflected according to the laws of reflection of light waves. The network has a large line and junction the number of travelling waves initiated by a single incident wave and will increase at a considerable rate as the wave split and multiple reflections occurs.
Law of refraction snells law define the refraction index n and write its formula. The speed of a wave is affected by the medium in which the wave is travelling through or along. Reflection, refraction and diffraction in waves lesson12. In diffraction, waves bend when they pass around small obstacles and spread out when they pass through small openings. It differs from reflection in that the light will pass through from one transmission medium to another. The law of reflection states that, on reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray. Derivation of the laws of reflection and refraction. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction.
Seismic reflection refraction imaging has successfully been used in the oil industry to detect buried hydrocarbon traps for about 85 years dobrin, 1976. Refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygenss. The wave will travel from the source at a minimum time. Reflection is when a wave reaches a boundary between two media and some or that entire wave bounces. Jahn department of physics, lehigh university, bethlehem, pennsylvania received 24 april 1956 summary a programme of shock tube experiments has been conducted to study the refraction of plane shock waves at interfaces between two gases. If the object changes direction during this process it is referred to as refraction. The transient wave is set up in the transmission line mainly due to switching, faults and lightning. Rather, a sound wave will undergo certain behaviors when it encounters the end of the space or an obstacle. Then neglecting the effect of line resistance a rectangular voltage wave of amplitude e and its associated current wave of amplitude i ezc will travel with velocity v towards the open end at the open end, the current must of. Refraction and reflection are the phenomena which enable the focusing of light by lens and mirror. The opencircuited line let a source of constant voltage e be switched suddenly on a line opencircuited at the far end.
Free pdf download of cbse class 10 science chapter 10 light reflection and refraction multiple choice questions with answers. Ppt reflection, refraction and diffraction powerpoint. Seismic energy is provided by a source shot located on the surface. In case of a travelling wave the reflection at an open boundary the reflection takes place without any phase change. This scattering is caused by the interaction of light with small particles, even atoms or molecules, within the material.
Refraction is the change in direction of propagation of a wave when the wave passes from one medium into another, and changes its speed. Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. Refraction of light multiple choice questions and answers. Reflection and refraction most of what we need to know about geometrical optics can be summarized in two rules, the laws of reflection and refraction. The distance between wave fronts will therefore be shorter in the glass than in air, since the waves travel a smaller distance per period t.
It is hypothesised that the experiment will demonstrate reflection and refraction with the light waves of energy by using the light box kits to create a beam of. If the water waves move toward the right, complete the follow diagram. Refraction and reflection of waves using huygens principle as we know that when light falls on an object, it bends and move through the material, this is what refraction is. Reflection involves a change in direction of waves when they bounce off a barrier. Since v1 v2 the wave is refracted towards the horizontal. Refraction of waves and rays refraction of light rays. Light waves may change direction at the boundary between two transparent materials. The travel time for the direct waves is calculated simply by dividing the distance by the velocity. Reflectionrefraction multiple choice identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The incoming wave is called the incident wave, and the reflected and transmitted waves are called reflected wave and refracted wave respectively. In this chapter we will study the phenomena of reflection and refraction using the property of light i. Refraction of waves and rays reflection and refraction. Whan a number of rays starting from a point meet at another point after reflection or refraction, the second point is called the image of the first point. The refraction of shock waves at a gaseous interface by robert g. When light shines on water, some of it is reflected and some are refracted.
Wave behavior reflection, refraction, and diffraction name. Reflection and refraction of travelling waves in power. Light rays change direction when they reflect off a surface, move from one transparent medium into another, or travel through a medium whose composition is continuously changing. Reflection of waves definition and examples of reflection. At the end of the line the voltage impulse is reflected, depending on the surge impedances ze. The value of refracted wave can vary from zero to twice the value of the incident wave depending upon the impedance of the medium. Light waves are refracted when crossing the boundary from one transparent medium into another because the speed of light is different in different media. Physics worksheet lesson 24 reflection and refraction. Because we are dealing with overvoltage protection we concentrate. P and swave seismic reflection and refraction measurements. Travelling wave is a temporary wave that creates a disturbance and moves along the transmission line at a constant speed. Travelling waves on electrical power systems american. The analysis of travelling waves on power system transmission.
Pdf when a chemical wave encounters a boundary between two media with different wave speeds, refraction and reflection can occur. Show the incident ray, refracted ray, normal, wavelengths beforeafter the refraction, and the wavefronts of the refracted water waves. At junctions and terminations, these waves undergo reflection and refraction. Mcq questions for class 10 science with answers was prepared based on latest exam pattern. Typical values for the index of refraction of glass are between 1.